Understanding and Avoiding Catches in Bowl Turning with a Bowl Gouge

Richard Findley explores the challenges and risks associated with turning bowls using a bowl gouge, highlighting the potential dangers and offering insights into preventing common catches. Unlike spindle turning, where catches are rarely dangerous due to the secure hold between centers, bowl turning presents greater risks as the workpiece is typically held at one end. A heavy catch can dislodge the bowl from the chuck or cause it to explode if the material is not sound, posing significant hazards. While the risk may not be high, it is essential to take precautions, such as wearing a face shield and properly chucking the bowl.

## Bowl Gouge Grind

The grind of the bowl gouge plays a crucial role in minimizing or increasing the risk of catches during turning. Two primary grinds are commonly sold by manufacturers: the traditional square grind and the long grind, also known as Celtic, Irish, or Ellsworth grinds. Findley prefers a modified long grind, which he developed over time by gradually grinding back the wings from a traditional square grind. This shape allows him to work inside a bowl without the wings getting in the way and to produce a fine shearing cut on the outside.

Some turners argue that a traditional grind provides a superior finish, while others advocate for grinding the wings back almost to the handle for better cuts. Findley advises trying out different grinds with guidance to determine what suits individual turning styles best. His preferred grind is not revolutionary but suits his needs and turning style effectively.

## Wing Catches

Wing catches are a common issue in bowl turning, often caused by the wing of the tool making contact with a raised surface during the cut. These catches can be avoided by paying close attention to the cut and adjusting it when necessary. A traditional grind, with its square wings, is more prone to catches as the wings quickly come into contact with raised surfaces. Ground-back wings reduce this risk, making catches easier to see and avoid.

When cutting spigots and small stepped details, the wing is intentionally engaged in the cut, requiring a thorough understanding of the tool's limits. Findley prefers to rough out these details with a bowl gouge but refine them with a skew in scraping mode or a suitable scraper. Some turners advocate using a spindle gouge for cutting fine details, as its grind and profile are better suited for such tasks.

## Testing the Limits of a Push Cut

A push cut is a traditional method for achieving a clean finish on a bowl before sanding. With a traditional grind, this is the only option, but a long grind allows for a shear cut on the outside of the bowl. The "sweet spot" for a push cut is when the flute is at around the 10 o'clock position on the outside of the bowl and 2 o'clock on the inside. Rotating the tool too far can increase the risk of a catch, as the wing may engage with the wood.

Findley tested the limits of a push cut by rotating the tool to nearly the 12 o'clock position. He found that a catch could occur, but it was not disastrous. This experiment highlighted the importance of proper tool presentation and control to avoid catches.

## Rim Catches

Rim catches are among the most frustrating and common issues in bowl turning. These catches are more related to the tool's presentation to the wood on the entry cut rather than the tool's grind. Findley compared the entry cut of a rim to that of a cove with a spindle gouge, emphasizing the importance of a lifting action of the handle to produce a slicing motion. This technique provides a clean cut and controlled entry into the wood, giving the bevel something to rest against.

The correct flute position is crucial for a clean cut around the bowl. Findley typically starts with the flute rolled to around 3 o'clock on entry and then opens it to the 2 o'clock position once the bevel is comfortably in the wood. He also mentions a method described by Peter Child in "The Craftsman Woodturner," which involves practicing the entry cut by drawing lines or rings on the face of a bowl blank and cutting on each until the method is perfected.